Short acting Beta2 agonists

Ventolin inhalers are commonly used

Beta2 agonists are known to be the ‘relievers’ of acute asthma attacks and is the first choice when it comes to managing asthmatic attacks. It is also useful in managing intermittent asthma symptoms as well as asthma that may result following exercises. 

How does short-acting beta2 agonists work?

As the name suggest, short-acting beta2 agonists work at a rapid pace and in general, it exerts its effect within 4 to 6 minutes of its intake. At times, specially in the inhaled form, the relief may be as quick as it can be. The effect of short-acting beta2 agonists will usually last for few hours and in severe asthmatic attacks, there may be a need to repeat the medicine at frequent intervals until the condition of the patient improves. Beta2 agonists act by relieving the bronchial smooth muscles and therefore dilating the narrowed air passages within the lungs. The medicine is available in many forms including pills, liquid, inhaler and injectable forms. However, the side effects pertaining to short-acting beta2 agonists are minimal with the inhaled form and perhaps it is the first choice method of administering short-acting beta2 agonists during a moderate to severe asthmatic attack.

What are the side effects?

As with most other drugs, short-acting beta2 agonists will also have its own set of side effects. However, one should not be worried about its manifestation unless the person is allergic to any of the ingredients or to the drug itself. Most side effects will resolve after several intakes or else will be mild enough to consider the benefit of using the drug outweighs the harm done by the side effects. However, if one feels palpitation, chest tightness, hives or skin rashes following taking beta2 agonists, it is a good idea to see the doctor and obtain medical advice as soon as possible. In addition, headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anxiety, nervousness and tremors can also manifest as side effects following the intake of short-acting beta2 agonists.

What are the available short-acting beta2 agonists?

Perhaps the commonest type of short-acting beta2 agonist available and used for managing asthma is albuterol such as Ventolin and Proventil. In addition, levalbuterol such as Xopenex, metaproterenol, pirbuterol and terbutaline are also used for short term quick relief. However, one should remember that the medications should be prescribed by the physicians and in order to maintain an optimum management of asthma, one should review the medications from time to time depending on the symptom manifestation and control. 

In general, if one has to take short-acting beta2 agonists more than twice a week, it might mean that the person is not controlling the asthma optimally and therefore should review his or her medications with the support of a physician.